Combination water heating and measuring apparatus.



wnfrEssES l BY. M A

G. H. GIBSON.

COMBINATION WATER HEATING AND MEASURING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED 1113.1, 1911. l

1,015,556, Patented .1311.23, 1912.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

A TTORNE Y G. H. GIBSGN. A

COMBINATION WATER HEATING AND MBASURING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 1, 1911.

1,015,556. 'Patented Jan.23,1912.

4 A TTORNE Y WITNESSES G. H. GIBSON. COMBINATION WATER HEATING ANDMEASURING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 1, 1911.

1,015,556.' Patented Jan. 28, 1912.

6 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

lNvENToR i WITNESSES y 55M y .BvY Mja/M7 (Zivi G. H. GIBSON. COMBINATIONWATER HEATING AND MEASURING APPARATUS.

` APPLICATION FILED PEB.1, 1911.

1,01 5,556, Patented Janf23, 1912.

6 SHEETS*SHEBT 4.

1.- ATTORNEY G. H. GIBSON.

COMBINATION WATER HEATING AND MEASURING APPARATUS.

APPLIOITION'TILED FEB. 1, 1911. A Patented Jan. 23, 1912.

e SHEETS-SHEET FIG. 13.

IN VE N TOR Y @7M 2 PAAD 4, ATTORNEY G. H. GIBSON. l COMBINATION WATERHEATING AND MPASUBING APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 1, 1911.

6 LSHEETS--SHIJH 6.

A 'TTORNE Y Patented .13.11.23, 1912.

vUNrrnD srnrns 'PATENT orFron.,'-

GEORGE H. GIBSON, F MONTCLAIR, NEW JERSEY, ASSIGNOR T0 JOSEPH S.LO'VEBING WHAR'ION, WILLIAM S. HALLOWELL, AND JOHN C. JONES, ALL OFPHILADELPHIA,

:rENNsYLvA'NIa A. FIRM.

"COMBINATION WATER HEATING AND MEASIIRING APPARATUS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led February 1, 191`1. Seria1 No. 605,879.

of, which the following is a true and exact descr1pt1on, reference beinghad to the accompanying drawings, which form a part g n 4 f'.lhe;.generaly object of the invention is to provideyln combinationwith simple and effectivet apparatus for heating water by the directaction of steam injected into it, suitableprovisions for measuring thewater heated.- v Y More specifically, the-object of the invention is tocombine with a Water heater of the well known open feed water typesuitfv able provisions'for passing the water issuing from the heatingchamber over a weir of suitable form, and in conjunction with said Weirfor measuring the amount of wa' ter flowing over the weir.

In carrying out my invention, I arrange the Weir in a measuring chamberwhich is divided into two compartments by the welr and connect onecompartment of the Weir directly to the water heater tank. In most casesI prefer to combine the heater tank and the measuring chamber in asingle compact mechanical structure, and utilize the Water purifying orfilter screen of the heater tank as a means for obtaining a quiet flowof water into the measuring chamber and anl avoidance of currentstending to disturb the Water level therein. I yprefer to control thesupply of water to'theheater automatically,` 1nl response to variationsin the water level at the outlet side of the Weir, lpreferably alsoj-Iconnect the steam space Vof the heater tank'and the steam space ofthemeasuring any instant, is,

chamber, to equalize the pressure conditions therein, and this insuresthe same or substantially the same water level in the` tank and in themeasuring chamber.

i, I may measure the amount of water flowinglover the weir by measuringthe varying accumulation of water onthe supply side of the weir abovethe lowermost level of over' flow, since the rate of flow over the Weir,at as is well known, a function of the' accumulation of water on thesupply side of the weir at that instant. To determine the varyingaccumulation of water on the supply side of the Weir I may proceeddirectly as by means of a float mechanism to measure the varying heightof water level on the'supply side of the Weir, or, I may ascertain thisindirectly by measuring the hydrostatic pressure on the supply side ofthe-weir at a determined level below the water surface level normallyprevailing on the supply side of the Weir. In practice, the level atwhich the hydrostatic pressure on the supply side of the weir ismeasured will usually be at or below the level of the apex or apices ofthe weir notchor notches, but where the conditions'are such that wateriows over the Weir at all times and the surface of the Water on thesuppl side of the weir never falls to the level o the Weir notch apex orapices, it ,may sometimes bev convenient to measure the hydrostaticpressure .of the Water on the supply side of the weir at some PatentedJan. 23, 1912.

level Vabove the level'of the weir notch apex .Y

or apices.

Instead of ascertaining the rate of flow by determining the varyingaccumulation of water on the supply side of the Weir I may so shape theWeir that the latter divides the water flowing over it into two or morestreams in such `manner that tne rate of flow in one of said streams isa constant fraction of the total rate of flow, regardless of thevariations in the latter, and then directlv measure the amount of waterflowing in said one stream. by proceeding 1n this manner I reduce theamount of water directly measured suiiiciently so that it may be readilyand accurately measured by apparatus which is comparatively small andinexpensive,.where as, similar apparatus of capacity sufficient todirectly measure the entire amount of water flowing would be too bulkyand on that account too expensive to permit of its practical use.

The need. of simple and' effective apparatus to measuie the waterpassing through heaters, particularly in the case of open feed watervheaters `employed for preheating boiler feed water, has long beenrecognized by those having to do with the operation of steam generatingplants, inasmuch as such measurement kis ldesirable for various reasons,one of the more important of which is the check thus had on the mannerin which Figl. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of-'a comf 4bined waterheating and measurmg apparatus ldiffering in some respects 4 from thatshown in Figs. l-'and 2. Fig. 3 is4 a sectional elevation of an overflowbox employed in various forms of the" invention. Flg. 4 is an endelevation 'of the apparatus shown in Fig. 3. Fig. 5'is a viewtakensimilarlyto F ig. 3,.butillustrating still another form of theinvention. Fig. @is a sectional elevation illustrating details Aofconstructlon which may be employed in connection with the measuringfloat. 7 is an elevation artly in sectionl illustra ing a modificationlnthe water level measuring and recording provisions. Fig. 8 is anelevation partly in section on the line 8-8 of Fig. 9, and Fig.

I 9 is an elevation taken transverselyto Fig.

8' and partly in section ont-he line 9-9 of Fig. 8, illustrating afurther modification ofthe measuring and recording provisions. Fig. 10is an elevation of a comblned water heating'and measuring apparatus inwhich .the measuring provlslons are located at a distance from the,measuring receptacle.

Fig. 11 is a partial section on the line 11-11 of Fig. 10. Fig. 12 is anelevation of combined heater vand measuring structure illustrating amodified formo y measuring and indicating apparatus, and Fig. 13 is alpartial section taken at right angles .to Fig. 12. Fig. 14 is anelevation partly diagrammatic and partly in section illustrating anarrangement for measuring and registering the flow, in which theaccumulation of waterI von the supply side of the Weir-is determinedhydrostatically. Fig. 15 is a sectional elevation of a portion of thepressure measuring apparatus of Fig. 14. Fig. 16 is a vview takensimilarly to, andI villustrating a modified form4 o f a portion of theapparatus shown in, Fig. 14. f Fig. 17 isa sectional elevation of a partemployed in the modification shown by Fig. 16. Fig.` 18 is a .partialsectional elevation taken on the line 18-18 of Fig. 19, illustrating onearrangement for measuring the fiow over the Weir by directly measuring.a portion only of the water flowing. Fig. 19 is a partiall sectionalAelevation taken on the line 19-19 of Fi 18. Figs. 2O and 21 are par.tial Sectiona elevations takenl on the line 20-20 of Fig. 21, and theline 21-21 of Fig. 20, respectively, illustrating a second form ofapparatus for 'directly measuring a portion only of' the flow over theweir. Fig. 22 is a view taken similarly to Fig. 19 illustrating a thirdform of apparatus for' directly measuringv a portion. 'only` of the fiowover the weir. Fig. 23 is a view taken similarly to Fig. 19 showing afourth form of lapparatus for measuring a portion only of the flow overthe Weir. Fig. 24 is a partial elevation of a detail employedin theconstruction shown in Fig. 23, and Fig. 25 is a view taken similarly toFig. 19 showing still another form of apparatus for measuring a portiononlyof the flow over the Weir.

In the construction shown by Figs. 1 and spreading trays A upon whichthe water to be heated overiows from the distribution box A2. I n thelower end of the heater is arrangeda perforated plate AS upon which cokeorthelike purifying and fltering.ma. terial A* is placed. As representsa dischargeori'ice above the normal water level .in the tank'throughwhich water may overflow under some conditions, as hereinafterexplained, and A@ represents vthe main discharge' orifice' through whichthe water heated in the heater is discharged. The

water to be heated is' admitted through the pipeB, which, as shown, hastwobranches', one B, adapted to lead from a hot well of the condenser orlike source of water, while water. The steam for. heating the water,which may be, and ordinarily is, exhaust st eam from engines, isadmitted through pipe C The oil and other impurities vseparated from thesteam in the separator C pass' through the pipe C2 to the overflow box Dinto which the port Als opens. Vithin the overflow box D, (see Fig. 3*)is .arranged aoat D which serves, when the liquid level in the box Drises above a predetermined height, to open a valve D2 in the overflowor waste pipe D3. X represents the' standpipe through which air andexcess steam may escape from the tank A.

In the form shown' `in Figs. 1- and 2, a. measuring box lor receptacleE- is secured to the side of. and forms apart of a unitary which hasbeen well known and .the other,` B2v serves to supply the makeup toaseparator C of 4common form.

structure'with the heater tank A. Thereceptacle E is divided into twocompartments E and E2 by a partit-ion or barrier Ea.- .The

. baffle Es does not extend to the top of vthe receptacle but ,serves asa Weir over which water overfiows from the compartment .l to the.compartment E2.

The Weir may be shaped at its upper edge to provide an overflow edge ofapproved shape and adapted to insure a rate of iow from thecompartment Einto compartment E2 which Will bear a definite and determinedrelation tothe/Water level in the compartment E. In practice, I prefer to employone or more Weir discharge orifices in the form of the V shaped notchE4', shown in Fig. 2. The discharge orifice A6 from the heater tank Aproper, opens directly'into compartment E at thc lower end of thelatter. The oriices As should be relatively larger in cross section toobtain the equable flow of water from the tank A into the compartment Enecessary to avoid fluctuations in the height of the water level in thecompartment E. IVith the arrangement shown, the filter screen formed bythe perfo-rated plate A3, and the filter material supported thereon,aids materially in producing the uniformity of fow into compartment Edesired, and, this screen and lter layer make unnecessary any separateprovisions for .preventing currents likely to disturb the water level inthe measuring chamber. With openV feed Water heaters of the kind shown,the pressure within the tank A is ordinarily slightly above that of the'atmosphere and in some installations, and under some conditions ofoperation, the pressure within the tank A may be ten pounds or so abovethat of the atmosphere. This makes it quite desirable that the pressurein the steam space in compartments E and E2. should be the same as thesteam pressure within the tank A. This equalization in steam pressure isobtained by equalizing connections such as are formed the pipe Jconnecting the steam spaces 1n the tank Afand reoeptacleE. In practice,

-to avoid fiuctuations 1n pressure, the cross section of the equalizingconnection should be comparatively large. The water heated is withdrawnfrom the heatingr and measuring structure through'theservice dischargeconnection F which leads from the lower end of the compartment E2 andmay be,connected to the inlet of a boiler feed pump or the like. Thesupply of make up water-is controlled by a valve G'J in the makeupsupplv pipe B2, and the valve G3 is automatically controlled by means ofa fioat G ar-. ranged within the compartment E2 or preferahly within afloat box G o en to the compartment E2. The floatI G 1s connected to andoperates the valve'G3 through suitable connections G2. The arrangementis such' that when the water level in compartment E2 rises to a certainpredetermined. height the supply of makeup water is cut o by the valveG3 and this valve opens only when the water level in compartment E2falls below such predetermined level. Since the rate of flow of thewater from the compartment E2 va ries according to a law, determined bythe form of the Weir discharge' edge or orifice, with variations in theheight of the Water level in the compartment E', the rate of How at anyinstant maybe measured by means of provisions serving ;to` measure theWater level in the' compartment E. The measuring provisions may includeor have combined therewith, suitable means for indicating, recording,integrating and registering the measurements obtained, as seefnsdesirable'. In Figs. l and 2, I'ha've shown measuring, indicating'andrecording provisions, comprising a float I-I located Within thecompartment E and rising and falling with the rise and fall of 'thewater level therein. To this .float as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, isconnected a rod or stem H passing through a stuffing box L carried-by`the upper Wall o'f the 'receptacle E. As shown in Figs. '1 and 2, therod H"ca'rries a pen, pencil, or like'light scribing device I-Iz adaptedtotrace a line upon the surface ofthe drum I', or more ordinarily upona, record sheet of paper secured on the drum I. Irepresents a clockmechanisml for rotating thedrumIv at a uniform velocity. Forconvenience, the drum, or record sheet carried by it, may havegraduation lines I2 formed on it, serving to directly indicate the rate'of ilow in convenient units when the pencil H2 lis moved byl theloat Hto the corresponding level.

With the arrangement shown in Figs. 1- and 2, it will be apparent thatin case the Water supplied by the pipe B and that derived from the'condensation of steam ad mitted through the pipe C, materially eX-ceeds the amount of Water taken out of the apparatus through the serviceconnection F,

the overflow through the port A5 will not be effective to prevent thewater level-from building up in the compartment E2 to a height whichwill afect the `flow over the Weir E4 and cause the oat H and connectedmechanism to apparently measure a greater flow of water over the weirthan actually takes place. `Withl all forms of my invention I usuallyprefer to limit the possibility of error -in this Way by making thecapacity of the compartment VE2 ample to hold a quantity of Watergreater than that which can accumulate in normal operation in tank A andcpmpartnentE'l above the level of the lowermost portion of the dischargeedge of the Weir E4. In practice, however, anobjectionable excessaccumulation of water in the apparatus rarely occurs, except when it is'ntentionally desired to raise the water level in the tank A to producea limited overflow therefrom through the discharge port A in order tofloat or skim` of oil or like-impurities collecting at the upper surfaceof the water in tank A. To avoid an accumulation of water within theheating and measuring apparatus, however, I may employ the'arrangementillustrated somewhat diagrammatically in Figs. 3 and 4. In thearrangepurities accumulated atthe top of the water in the tank A may be.fioated 0E through the overflow box D. l With the arrangement shown inFigs. 3 and 4, I control' the flow of waterthrough the makeup supplypipe B2 .by a valve G3 and float box G and connections, as before. Inaddition, I provide a second float G11 arranged in the compartment E2,or preferably, as shown, in-a float box G10 open tothe compartment E2.By means of the float G11 yand connecting rod G12 I operate the valveG13 which normally serves to pass the water from 'the pipe B through epipe section B3 to the heater supply pipe B. On arise in water level inthe compartment E2 to a predetermined height above that at which the.float `G closes the valve G3 the valve G13 is shifted by the float G11into the position in which the pipe B3 is closed and the water normallypassing through it from the pipe B is diverted into the pipe B4running'to a waste or storage tank. This insures, under all normalconditions, that the water level in the v. compartment E2 remains belowthe height which would interfere with an accurate measurement of thewater withdrawn from-the heating and measuring apparatus through theservice .connection F. As an additional safety device, however, I some-`times prefer to provide an overflow connection from the compartment E2.This may consist, as shown, in an overflow box D10 similar to theoverflowbox D and open to the compartment E2 at a level slightly abovethat at which the float G11 operates valve G13 to connect pipes B andB4. The overflow box D10 has associated with itl parts corresponding tothe parts D', D2 and D3, associated with the overflow box D.

While in the form ofmy invention` now preferred by me, I unite themeasuring receptacleE in a unitary structure with the heating'tank A,the tank and receptacle may in some cases be advantageously formed asseparate structures connected as shown in Fig.'5, by a pipe K,preferablyv controlled by a valve K. Where, as is usual, the pressure inthe steam space in the receptacle E is above that of the atmosphere,suitable provisions should be made for preventing the escape of steamfrom the receptacle E along the float lstem H through the passage in thewall of the receptacle receiving the steam, while at the same time, thefrictional resistance tothe up and down movement of the float and stemshould'be reduced to a minimum. The prevention of steam leakage withouttheproduction of material frictional retardation can be obtained bymeans of the labyrinth packing L, such as is shown best in Fig. 6. Theseries of grooves between th'e ribs L serve in a well known manner toprevent any appreciable leakage of steam between the packing and thestem, even though the stem does not 'actually Vtouch the ribs, but is`separated therefrom by lm like spaces.

With the arrangement shown in Figs. l to 4 inclusive, there will be aslight unbalancing effecty of the fluid pressure acting within thecompartment E upon the fioat H out-l ward through the packing L. Tocompensate`for this, I may provide .a chamber M, into which the upperend of rod H enters while the interior ofthe chamber M is-connected tothe vsteam spaceof the tank A by for the unbalancedfluidfpressure actingon.

the float, and stem is illustrated. in Fig. 7, wherein the stem H isconnected at its upper end. to a flexible member N which runsoverapulley O and has itsV other end connected .to the stem P carryingthe weight P. Iheweight P is located within the receptacle "and the'ystem P which is of the same cross sect-ion as the float stem H passesthrough a stuffing box L2 which may be similar ,to the stufling box L.-With this arrangement the unbalanced fluid 'action on the stem H isexactly balanced by the unbalanced fluid pressure action upon the WeightP and its stem P. As the iioat H rises and falls the pulley O iscorrespond- 4ingly rotated, and the indicating, recording,

or likemeasuring apparatus, may be connected to and operated by theshaft O to which the pulley O is fast. For instance,

ya pen or pencil H2 may be carried by an arm O2 secured to the shaft Oand made to travelalong the surface of the clock r0- tated disk O10, solthat the recording operation is similar to that with the .well knownBristol recording gages. With this arrangement also, the amplitude ofmovement of the recording point is desirably greater than the amplitudeof movementof the float -H. Another means which may sometimes beemployed with advantage to avoid any unbalanced steam actionl and4 alsoto lessen the frictional resistance to the movements of the float, isillustrated in Figs. 8 andl 9, wherein the stem H of the float H islocated within the receptacle E or within the extension E10 thereof, andis formed with rack teeth H4 meshing with .a spur gear H3 carried bv ashaft Ho which extends through opposite walls of the receptacle E or theex tension E10 thereof through packings L4 similar to the packing Labove described. With this arrangement, there is no unbalanced steamactionaffecting the operation of the float and the frictional resistanceto the rotative movements of the shaft H6 is substanltially less thanthe frictional resistance which would oppose, for instance, the movementof the shaft H6 axially through the packing L1. The shaft H6 may havefixed to it an arm H7 carrying the pencil H2 and the latter may be'arranged to make its record on the'disk O10 rotated by the clockmechanism I.

While in the form of apparatus hereinbefore referred to I have shown thefloat H within the measuring receptacle proper, it is, in vmany cases,more convenient to locate it at a distance from thereceptacle, E inorder to obtain a-more convenient location of the measuring apparatus.This may be accomL plished by locating the float in a separatfioatl'chamber S, as shown in Figs. 10 and 11, the' lfioat chamber Sbeing connected at its lower-end to the measuring receptacle E, attheinletsideof the Weir E3 as by pipe S. The connection 'between theinterior of the measuring'rec'eptacle and the pipe S should be suchas'to guard against any disturbances inthe 'water level, due to theflowl through the pipe S. A rose or perforated plate or dirt guard S2'is placed over the mouth of the pipe S.v The ksteam pressure in thesteam space of the float receptacle S should be equalized with thepressure in the steam space in the heating tank A 'and measuringreceptacle E. This may be accomplished by means of the equalizingconnection S1. n

In the arrangements shown in'Figs. 12 and 13, the float H11 is 'carriedby the arm H11 secured to a rock shaft H11 which projects from thechamber-E, or4 preferably as` "shown, from the .extension E11 thereof,throughthe stufiing boxes L1. To reduce the friction,-- the shaft H12may Well be journaled in Vsuitable lexternal bearings H1:1

' separate `from the stuffing boxes L1. The

shaft H11 has secured to lit an'external cam H11y which serves to shifta lever Q as the float H1o 'rises and falls. Asshown the lever Q isfulcrumed at- Q and is provided with an antifriction roll Q1 whichdirectly engages the cam H11. The leverQ may serve as the actuatingmember of any suitable indicating, -recording or integrating mechanism.As shown, it entersthe box R of a registering mechanism which includes aset of registering dials R and a clock mechanism I1O which Amay serve todrive registering .wheels back of the dials R' through suitableintermediate gearing the ratio of transmission ofv which is'variedA bythe lever Q. I' have not illustrated the de' tails of theregisteringwheels and intermediate gearing, as such Vdetails form no part of mypresent invention, vand moreover, various forms of such mechanism havelong been known. A pointer Q3 carried by the lever Q in conjunction'withthe dial ,R2 serves as the means for indicating the rate of'iow of waterat any instant.

The manner in which the rate of flow over the weir varies as the waterlevel in the chamber E rises and falls, depends upon the shape of thedischarge edge of the weir.V This has long been known and the dischargeformul for numerous different forms of weirs have been determined. Withthe discharge taking place through a` V notch, for instance, the rate offlow will be substantially in proportion to the fifth power of thesquare root (5 /2 power) of the height of the Water level in chamber Eabove the bottom of the discharge notch. By suitably shaping the cam themovements of the lever Q, as thefloat H1o rises and falls, may be madedirectly proportional to the differences between the rates of Howoverthe weiratthe different heights of water level in the chamber E. Ofcourse, in any case, the cam should be designed in accordance with thedischarge formula of the particular Weir employed.

The difference between the hydrostatic pressure at any point below thesurface of a bodyof liquid and'the pressure on the surface of the liquidis proportional to the depth of said point below said surface, and inFigs. 14 to 17 inclusive, I have taken advantage of this'relationbetween the pressure and height of surface level to determinehydrostaticallyy the accumulation of water on the supply side of theweir and thereby, the flow over the Weir. In Fig. 14, the weir box E maybe 'assumed to be' constructed and arranged with reference to the waterheater system, as in the forms of apparatus'hereinbefore described. InFig. 14 a vertical pressure tube T is extended into the compartment Ewith its open end at the level of the apex E10. The pipe T leads fromthe -upper'end of the pipe T to the pressure chamber T10 of the pressuremeasuringV apparatus which may be located at a distance from the weirreceptacle E and need not beat the same level therewith. The pressurechamber shown in Figs. 14 andy 15, comprises a body portion T11r in theshape ofal shallow cup and connected to brackets T21 and 'I22 extendingfrom a suitable support or base T2.

.The pressure chamber T10 has a movable wall portion formed withv aflexible disk or a diaphragmgT12 of anyvsuitable'material, such as softcopper, at its periphery to thebodyl T11 by the ring nut T11, suitablepacking rings being pro` vided to insure tight joints. The-disk T12 hasa central 'projection T15 pivotally connected to a iever-Tso'pivotedto'fan extension T 21 of the bracket T11.

T1o in the particular form which is detachably secured AVariousprovisions. may be made for exerting the varying force upon the leverT30 necessary to balance. the -outward thrust upon the lever T30 exertedby the-diaphragm T12 without permitting any substantial movement of thediaphragm. In thearrangement shown in Fig. 14 for accomplishing thisautomatically, the lever T30 is extended through the bracket T22 whichis slotted and to the upper end of the lever a yoke T31 is pivotallyconnected. A rod T32 forms anV extension of the yoke T31 which may beadjusted by means ofthe nut T33. A tension spring U connects the rod T32and thereby the lever T30 to a tension adjusting member U', inf the formof an apertured plate having guide extensions sliding through bracketsT23 projecting fromthe base member T20. `Vithin the aperture in themember U is located a cam U2. The cam is carried by a shaft U3 extendingtransversely to the plane of movement of the member U and through thelatter takes the pull of the spring U.l he shaft U3 has secured to it agear wheel U4 meshing with a worm U0 carried by the shaft of theelectric motor U3.

f The latter is suppliedvwith current from a suitable source, as thebattery U0 connected between one terminal U0 of the motor and the leverT30. The other motor terminals U9 and U10 are connectedby suitableconductors, one to anv adjustable contact U11 at one side of the leverT30 and the other to the corresponding adjustable contact U12 at theother side' of the lever T30. The; arrangement is such that a veryslight movement of the lever T30 to the left will close a circuit,including the battery U2, lever T30, contact U11 and themotor terminalsU0 and U0, which will cause the motor to revolve in the direction to4give the shaft U0 a counterclockwise rotation and thereby relieve thetension on the spring U sufficiently to permit the lever'Tso to move outof engagement with the contact U11. Similarly a slight movement of thelever T30 to the right will cause a circuit to be closed, including thebattery U1, lever T30, contact- U12 and motor terminals U0 and U 10,whereupon the motor will -give a clockwise rotation to the shaft U3 andthereby increase the tension on the spring U and move the lever T30 outof engagement with the contact U12.

Where, as inthe apparatus shown, the vapor pressure acting on the uppersurface of the liquid in the compartment E is lnot necessarily the sameas the atmospheric pressure acting on the outery side of the diaphragmT12, it is essential for accurate results that this should becompensated for, and in the apparatus disclosed, I employ for th1svpurpose a pressure chamber 1510 which may bein all respects similar tothe pressure chamber T1o and comprise parts 1511, 1512, i `1513 and t1,like the parts T11, T12, T13 and T10, respectively. I secure the chambert10 to the brackets T21 and vT22 with the project-ion t10 in line withvthe projection T10 and facing the opposite side of the lever T30. Thelinterior lof the pressure chamber 10 is connected to the vpipe tand theextension t thereof to the interior of the receptacle lE above the waterlevel therein.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 14, I have the entire pressuretransmitting system filled with a liquid, as water, and subject bothtubes T and t', so far as possible to the same-temperature conditions asby arranging them side by side and in close proximity to eachother. -Toavoid vinaccuracies, which might be caused by the presence of air orother gases in the pressure chambers T10 and 1510 and in the pipesleading thereto, I preferably provide means,

such as the cocks T7 and t1 to facilitate the removal of air from thepressure chambers and the conduits, and the filling of these chambersand conduits with the desired liquid. These cocks open to thecorresponding pressure chambers T10 and 2510 at their highest points.Where the chambers T10 and 10 are located at or above the level of theconnections T and t, Ipreferably depress the pipes T and t adjacent thetubes T and t,

vso that any air passing into thelatter from receptacle E will tend toaccumulate at the upper ends of tubes T and t, vand small cocks T2 andt2 .may be provided through provide a'water seal at its lower end; .This

may be obtained by means of the' cuplike extension T1 formed at the'lower part of the pipe t and constantly kept full and overflowing by thecondensation of water vapor.

By giving the cam U2 the proper contour the angular movements of theshaft U3 may `be made proportional to the changes in the rate of flowover the Weir while at the same time, the changes in the tension of thespring U resulting from such movements are pro-A portional to thecorresponding changes in the diierence between the pressures in chambersT10 'and $10.

In the apparatus shown in Fig. 14 an arm U10 attached 'to the shaftxU3enters the boxv R of aregistering mechanism and serves as a pointerplaying along the graduated scale R2 to indicate the amount'of waterfiowing at any instant, and alsoas a means for admeasured varies',someofthe advantages of.

this method ofmeasuringzthe pressure and rate of flow may behad withoutsuch auto# matic regulation." For instance, with the apparatus shown inFig. 14, the hand wheel U20 permits ofthe manual rotation of the shaftU3 when the motor U is temporarfly outI of service or is not employed.

In the form of apparatus shown in Figs. 16 and 17 the tubes T40 and-t4",corresponding to the tubes Tand t of Fig. 14, enter the Weir chamber -.Eas in Fig. 14, and are open at their inner ends to the interior lof saidchamber. In this form, however, no water seal is 'provided at the lowerend Volf tube t, andthe entire pressure transmitting system is illedwith air instead of water. To'maintainthe pressure transmitting systemfull of4 air, I provide means 'for 'injecting .air into the systemcontinuously butslowly with the result that-the air constantly, escapesm.

minute quantities from 'the tubes T40 'and t at their open ends-into theWeir chamber, and in consequence,the air pressures-within the tubes Tf*oand t4 respectively,'correspond exactly to the hydrostatic pressure atthe lower end-ofthe tube T4,0 and to the vapor pressure above the waterlevel inthe weir chamber. To continuously .provide air in minute streamsto the interiors of the tubes diaphragm f course, much T40 and t in theparticular .form of .apparatus illustrated, I connect these tubes to thepressure transmitting pipes T and tf v by fittings T5". Each fittingTmcontains a line passage T54' thnough which air under pressure,supplied by a pipe T51 from a suitable air reservo1r T52, compressor orthe like, may slowly leak. This type of pressure transmitting andmeasuring apparatus has a number of advantages. With it no errors resultfrom small leaks in` any portion of the pressure transmitting system.There is no possibility, of course, 'of trouble through freezing of' thepressure transmitting fluid.

The dillerences in pressure inl the pressureI- chambers of the pressuremeasuring appa-- ratus, due lto varlations 1n temperature conditions ofthe air in different lportions of `measuring system, are, of

smaller vthan where the fluid in the pipes is a liquid. In general,however, I prefer to have the pipes T and t the pressure may T53 or thelike formed with ain this form of the invention arranged side ,by sideand in close proximity so as to be subjected to the same temperatureconditions, at least as to the vertical' portions thereof.4

Pressure measuring apparatus .of the characterillustrated -in Figs. 14to 17 in- Iclusive possesses numerous novel and useful characteristicswhich fit such apparatus for use not. only in the specific relationillustrated but generally for use where a sensitive and accurate fluidpressure measuring apparatus is desired.' The fact. that the movablewallsor diaphragms'Tl-Z, tu are 'held against appreciable movementscontributes largely to the sensitiveness of the apparatus and theaccuracy of the results obtained. No claims are made inthis'application, however, tothe specific characteristics of thepressure measuring .apparatus of Figs. 14 to y17 inclusive, as tlristype of apparatus forms the subject mattei' of my copending application,Serial Number .605,878 filed at even dateherewith.

-Instead of, or in addition to measuring the low of liquid] over a Weirby determining the accumulation of liquid on the supply side of the weir, I consider 1t sometimes advantageous to form the Weir in suchmanner-'that the liquid flowing over it will be divided into two or'more streams of such character that the amount of liquid Howing in oneof said streams will always be a constant fraction of they total amountof liquid flowing, "and .in consequence, the total flow be. determinedby measuring the amount of liquid flowing in one of said streams. Thismakes it possible vto obtain an accurate determination of the amount Iofliquid flowing with measuring apparatus p roper. which is smaller, lessexpensive, and 1n general more 'rehable and accurate than s1m1larapparatus of capacity sufricient to measure the total amount'of liquid Llow. This "method-of measuring the'flow of a liquid, while of-generalutility, is. of

ypeculiar value indetermining the flow of vhot water through a Weir boX,connectedto. and forming a part of water heating and measuringapparatus, such as have been hereinbefore described.

In Figs. 18 to 25, inclusive, I have illustrated several .formso-apparatus for measuring the amount ofwater flowing in one of thestreams into which the water flowing over the weir E3, in the weir'bo'xE, is divided, by formingaplurality of V notches in the upper edge ofthe Weirv E3. The apparatus herein disclosed for measuring wavter inthis manner, while novelwithme, is

not specifically claimed in this case, but is so claimed in anapplica-tion liledrby' me as a division of this case. illustrated inFigs. 18 to 25, there are three notches formed in the upper edge of theweir In the construction- E3'. These notches are alike,in that thebottoms of the notches are on the same level, and that the sides of eachnotch are straight. It is notV essential howeverf-that the'angle betweenthe two sides of each notchshould be the same, and, in theconstructionillustrated,

the angle between the sides of the one notch E5-is substantially moreacute than the'angles between the sides of the two notches E2.. Withthis arrangement the flow through any one of the weir notches andinparticular through the notch E5 will be a constant fraction of the totalflow through all the notches regardless of the variations .in the .totalflow.

The gage glass I5? connected at top and botv tom to the compartment Eabove and below the Water level therein will`,'in conjunction with aproper scale indicate therate of flow.

In the construction shown in Figs.- 18 and 19, the stream `of 'water'passing through notchv E5 discharges into a receptacle E7 located withinthe compartment vE2 and passes therefrom through a pi 'e V to' anexternal water meter V fromwl ich it passes back to into one,and whentilted in the other direction discharges intothe other of a pair ofsimilar tilting buckets or receptacles 'W'. Each ofthe tiltingreceptacles is pivotedat W2, at one side of and-belowl the center' ofgravity of the'bucket when filled 4and is counterweightved as by theweight W3 secured to it above the pivotal axis W2 so that each bucketwhile filling occupies the position occupied in Fig. 21 by the frontbucket,'but after receiving a predetermined weight of liquid tilts intothe position occupied in Fig. 21, by the rear bucket, remaining in thelatter position until emptied. Each bucket is provided with a Siphondischarge pipe W4 by means of which the bucket is emptied when tiltedint-o thedischarge-position. Each bucket W as it tilts forward afterbeing filled turns the chute W into lthe position in which the streamofwater passing through the notch 1E is diverted to the other bucket. Thetilt-A ing chute W operates an externalregister or counting train R1 bymeans of a rod W5 extending through the wall of the weir box E.

In'the construction shown in Fig.. 22, the

water passing through the Weir notch E5- collects in a receptacle E7asin Figs. 18and 19. In this form of the invention the rece ltatjle ETdischarges directly but intermitteritly -into the compartment E2.v r1`hediswhich begins to discharge the receptacle E7 -as soon as the waterlevel yrises to the top of the pipe and continues .thereafter to dis--charge the receptacle E7 until the. latter `is empty. l A. float H6rising and falling as the receptacle 'E2 fills and empties actuates anexternal counting train or registering devlce R10-once for each timethat the receptacle is lled and emptied.

In the construction shown'in Figs. 23 and 24 thj'e water passing intothe receptacle E'I through the-notch E5, as in Figs. 18, 19 and 22,passes out through the pipe Y, the latter being formed with a trap orVseal portion Y` deep enough to prevent the passage throughl 'it of airinto or steam out of the receptacle E", as the pressure in thereceptacle E" varies through its ordinary range. The pipeY dischargesintoI a tank Y2 which is supported by a4 weighing mechanism comprisingthe .counterweighted balancing levers Y2'. .The

tank Y2 is .intermittently emptied andthe water discharged into itreturned into the compartment E2 of receptacle by a steam pump Z, Zrepresenting the inlet pipe to the Water cylinder of the pump, andZ2 thedelivery pipe. A valve Y4 in the pipe Y and a valve' Z'in the steamsupply p1peZ4 of thepump'fZ are arranged to be alternately andintermittently opened andl closed by the three armed lever Y5, connectedto the lever Y6. The'latter is located in the tank Y2 and at its lowerend carries ,a float YT.' At its fulc'rum end the lever Y6 is formedwith a segment Ys (see Fig. 24) having one straight sided notch Y9 and arounded notch' Y10 formed in its periphery.- When the parts are in thepositions shown in the Vdrawing and the receptacle Y2 is filling up, arod Y11 passing loosely through a bracket arm Y12 above the top of thereceptacle Y2 enters lthe notch -Y and holds the vfloat down against thebottom of the tank.. In this condition of the apparatus the valve Z2 isclosed 4and the valve Y4 is open.- When the tank Y2 fills up with waterto such an extent thatI the weightfof thetank and contents overcomes thelifting action lof the balance levers Y2, and the tank'descends. Therod- Y11 being prevented from dropping by thev nut or head Y, thenpassesout. of the notch Y?.l When this occurs the fioat moves upward andthrough the lever Y5 closes the lvalve Y2 and opens the valve Z3.. Thisstarts the pump Z in operation. While the tank Y2 1s being emptied thus,the water passing ico through the notch E5of the Weir accumulates in thereceptacle E7 which should be of suitable capacity to hold the waterflowing through the notch Es being emptied. .Asl soon from the tank Y2begins, the latter rises to the normal level, but this, of course. doesnot aect, in itself, the valves Y4 and Z3. Wire while the tank Y2 is. asthe discharge` drawing or throttling'the valves -is prevent-` anyiilotati've effect on the latter. When the water ceasesto exert anylifting" effect on the floatv the friction between the rod Y11 and thewall of the notch Y10 isno longer suiicient to prevent the ioatfromdropping, and when the iioat drops, it drops far enough so that the rodY11 can enter the notch Y0. The number of times the tank Y2 is filledand subsequently emptied maybe registered by the register R10' actuatedin any suitable way, as by a connection to the lever Y5.

The arrangement shown in Fig. 25. resembles that of Fig. 23, in thattheWater from the receptacle E? is discharged through a pipe Y into anexternal measuring tank receptacle Y20 and that the latter isintermittently emptied by a steam pump Z. In Fig. 25, however, there isno automatically controlled valve in the pipe Y. The tank Y20'isstationary and the valve Z3 from the steam pipe Z4 of tently opened andclosed by a ioat H20. The lever carrying the ioat H20 has an arm.H21connected by a pin and slot connection to the rod Z5 for operating thevalve Z3, so that the valve Z after being opened onL the filling of thetank Y20 will stay. open until the tank is emptied vand the yfloat H20'descends to the bottom of the tank. The fioat H20 operates a countingdevice R10.

With the apparatus shown i-n 2'2 and ,25, it apparent that inaccurateresults will be obtained with varying rates to flow over the weir, sincevarying quantities of water will' then overflow into and out of the revcepta'cle E7 during the periods in which the latter is beingdischarged.' Such inaccuracy is prevented with the arrangement shown inFigs. 18, 21 and 23. It is to be observed also that the siphon dischargeemployed in Figs. 20, 21 and 22 is not' suit-able for use where thewater measured exceeds a temperature of about 206 Fahrenheit, as withwater hotter than this the necessary unbroken column of waterin theSiphon discharge pipe will not be maintained Y It will be apparent tothose skilled in the art that the avoidance of eddy currents andundesirable disturbances in the levelpof the liquid on the supply sideofthewei'r, the equalization of pressures in the Weir chamber andheater,

with .the arrangement of the Weir chamber with respect to the waterheating -and measuring systems described, all contribute toward theproduction of a lsatisfactory and efficient water heating andmeasuringplant regardless of whether the iow is determined by measuringthe height of water leve1 on the pump is intermit v and the regulationof the water flow in the system as a whole, obtained the supply side'ofthe weir directly as by means of a 'float o r indirectly by thehydrostatic method, or is determined by measuring thel amount of liquidflowing in one of several streams into which theweir divides the totalnow.

While in accordance with the provisions of the statute I havelillustrated and described-the best forms of my invention now known tome it will be apparent-to those skilled in the art that changes in theform -of apparatus disclosed may be -made without departing fromthespirit of my invention,

and that in certain cases, some 'features of the invention may beemployedl with advantage without a corresponding use of other features,and thatin general, the. form of apparatus embodying my invention, ismost advantageous' to employ will depend upon the particular conditionsof use.

Having now describedmy invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Let-l ters Patent, is:

1. In combination, an openvwater heater comprising a tank and a filterscreen located in the lower end thereof, a measuring chaml berattachedto said tank, Aa Weir ividing said measuring chamber into twocompartments, one of which is open to said tank be low said screen, andprovisions for measur- 'ing the dow of water over the weir.

which 2. In combination a measuring receptacle,

a Weir located therein and dividing it -into two compartments, and anopen water heater of the typel specified, with a hot water dis- -chargeconnection to one of' said compart- -ments, a service dischargeconnection leading from the other compartment, means re sponsive to thevrise and fall of the water level in said other compartment forcontrolling the admission of water to be heated to said heater, andprovisions for measuring the lowof water over the Weir.

3. In combinatiom'a measuring receptacle, a weir located therein anddividing 1t into two compartments, -an open water heater of the typespecified with a hot water discharge connection' to one of saidcompartments, a service discharge connection'leading from the Vothercompartment, a steam pressure equalizing connection between the steamspace 'of the water heater and the steam space' ofthe measuringreceptacle, and provisions for measuring the flow of water over theWeir.

4. In combination, a measuring receptacle, a Weir located therein, anddividing it into inlet and outlet compartments, and an open water-heater of the type specified with a hot waterl discharge connection tosaid inlet compartment and an overflow connectionv limiting the heightof the water level in said heater, a service discharge connectionleading from said outlet compartment, said outof the heater, andprovisions for measuring the liovv of Water-'over the Weir.

5. In combinatlon, a measuring receptacle,

a Weir located therein, and dividing it into inlet andoutletcompartments, and an open Water heater of the type specified with a hotWater discharge connection to saidinlet compartment and an overioWconnection limiting the height of the vvater level in said heater, adischarge connection leading from said .outlet compartment, said outletcompartment having a Water receiving space belovv the ,lovvermost levelof HOW over said Weir more than* sufficient to hold all the Water vWhichcan accumulatein said inlet compartment and said tank between, said lastmentioned level and the overiiow level of the heater, means responsiveto the rise and fall of vthe Water level in said outlet compartment forcontrolling the admission of Water to be heated to said heater, andprovisions for measuring the How 'of Water over the Weir. f

' 6. ln combination, a measuring receptacle, a Weir located therein anddividing it into inlet and outlet compartments, and an open Water heaterof the type specified with a hot Water discharge connection to saidinlet compartment and an overflow connection limiting the height of theWater level in said heater, a discharge connection leading from 'saidoutlet compartment, a Water supply connection and anv auxiliary Watersupply connection to the heater, means responsive to the rise and fallof the Water level in said outlet compartment for controlling theadmission of Water Vto said heater through said auxiliary supplyconnection, and provisions for measuring the flow of Waterover the Weir.7 In combination, a measuring receptacle, a Weir located therein anddividing it into inlet and outlet compartments, and an open Water heaterof the type specified with a hot Water discharge connection to saidinlet compartment and an overiiow connection limiting the height ofWater level in said heater, a 'discharge connection leading from saidoutlet compartment, a- 'vvater supply connection' and an, auxiliaryWater supply connection to the heater, means, responsive to the rise andfall of the Water level in said outlet compartment for preventing theadmission of Water to said heater through said auxiliary supplyconnection when the Water in said outlet compartment rises to onel leveland for preventing the admission of Water through the r'st mentionedWater supply connection When the Water level invsaid outlet compartmentrises to `a still higher level, and provisions for measuring the iiovvof Water over the Weir.

, ,l GEQTI. -GBSON Witnesses FRANK S. BROADHURST, WILBERT Salim.

